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The Namiestnik (or Viceroy) of the Kingdom of Poland ((ポーランド語:namiestnik Królestwa Polskiego), (ロシア語:наместник Царства Польского)) was the deputy of the King of Poland (Tsar of Poland)—i.e., the deputy of the Emperor of Russia who, under Congress Poland (1815–74), styled himself "King of Poland." Between 1874 and 1914, when the former Congress Poland was known as the Vistula Country, the title ''Namiestnik'' was replaced by that of Governor-General of Warsaw ((ポーランド語:Generał-gubernator warszawski)). ==History== The office of ''Namiestnik'' was introduced in Poland by the Constitution of Congress Poland (1815), in its Article 3 (On the Namiestnik and Council of State). The namiestnik was chosen by the Tsar from among the noble citizens of the Russian Empire or the Kingdom of Poland, excluding naturalized citizens. The namiestnik supervised the entire public administration and, in the monarch's absence, chaired the Council of State of Congress Poland, as well as the Administrative Council of Congress Poland. He could veto the councils' decisions; other than that, his decisions had to be countersigned by the appropriate government minister. The namiestnik exercised broad powers and could nominate candidates for most senior government posts (ministers, senators, judges of the High Tribunal, councilors of state, referendaries, as well as bishops and archbishops). The namiestnik had no competence in the realms of finances and foreign policy; his military competence varied. In the event that the namiestnik were unable to exercise his office due to resignation or death, this function would be temporarily carried out by the president of the Council of State. The office of namiestnik was never officially abolished; however, after the January 1863 Uprising it disappeared along with the Congress Kingdom. The last namiestnik was Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg, who served from 1863 to his death in 1874. No namiestnik was named to replace him;〔Hugo Stumm, ''Russia's Advance Eastward'', 1874, p. 140, note 1. Google Print ()〕 however, the role of namiestnik—viceroy of the former Congress Kingdom, now called the Vistula Country—passed to the Governor-General of Warsaw〔Thomas Mitchell, ''Handbook for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland'', 1888, p. 460. Google Print ()〕—or, to be more specific, of the Warsaw Military District ((ポーランド語:Warszawski Okręg Wojskowy), (ロシア語:Варшавский Военный Округ)). However, in the internal correspondence of Russian Imperial offices this functionary was still called ''namiestnik''. The governor-general answered directly to the Tsar and exercised much broader powers than had the namiestnik. In particular, he controlled all the military forces in the region and oversaw the judicial systems (he could impose death sentences without trial). He could also issue "declarations with the force of law," which could alter existing laws. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Namiestnik of Poland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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